|Table of Contents|

Citation:
 Ashok Kumar,Rajagopalan Vijayakumar.A Succinct Review on the Numerical and Experimental Performance Evaluation Techniques for Composite Marine Propellers[J].Journal of Marine Science and Application,2025,(2):301-322.[doi:10.1007/s11804-024-00442-1]
Click and Copy

A Succinct Review on the Numerical and Experimental Performance Evaluation Techniques for Composite Marine Propellers

Info

Title:
A Succinct Review on the Numerical and Experimental Performance Evaluation Techniques for Composite Marine Propellers
Author(s):
Ashok Kumar Rajagopalan Vijayakumar
Affilations:
Author(s):
Ashok Kumar Rajagopalan Vijayakumar
Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
Keywords:
Cavitation studiesComposite propellersHydro-elasticityNumerical modelAcoustics vibration
分类号:
-
DOI:
10.1007/s11804-024-00442-1
Abstract:
Understanding the behaviour of composite marine propellers during operating conditions is a need of the present era since they emerge as a potential replacement for conventional propeller materials such as metals or alloys. They offer several benefits, such as high specific strength, low corrosion, delayed cavitation, improved dynamic stability, reduced noise levels, and overall energy efficiency. In addition, composite materials undergo passive deformation, termed as “bend-twist effect”, under hydrodynamic loads due to their inherent flexibility and anisotropy. Although performance analysis methods were developed in the past for marine propellers, there is a significant lack of literature on composite propellers. This article discusses the recent advancements in experimental and numerical modelling, state-of-the-art computational technologies, and mutated mathematical models that aid in designing, analysing, and optimising composite marine propellers. In the initial sections, performance evaluation methods and challenges with the existing propeller materials are discussed. Thereafter, the benefits of composite propellers are critically reviewed. Numerical and experimental FSI coupling methods, cavitation performance, the effect of stacking sequence, and acoustic measurements are some critical areas discussed in detail. A two-way FSI-coupled simulation was conducted in a non-cavitating regime for four advanced ratios and compared with the literature results. Finally, the scope for future improvements and conclusions are mentioned.

References:

[1] An X, Song B, Xia H, Ding Y, Jin Z, Lessard L (2019) Coupled numerical simulation and modal analysis of composite ducted propeller. Sixth International Symposium on Marine Propulsors, Rome, 1-8
[2] An X, Wang P, Song B, Lessard L (2020) Bi-directional fluid-structure interaction for prediction of tip clearance influence on a composite ducted propeller. Ocean Eng. 208: 107390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107390
[3] Ashok KS, Anantha SV, Vijayakumar R (2020) Numerical study on the performance analysis and vibration characteristics of flexible marine propeller. In International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Florda, 84379. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2020-18538
[4] Ashok KS, Vijayakumar R (2022) Numerical study on the performance of a composite marine propeller in self-propulsion condition using the FSI algorithm. Ocean. Conf. Rec. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSChennai45887.2022.9775126
[5] Blasques JP, Berggreen C, Andersen P (2010) Hydro-elastic analysis and optimisation of a composite marine propeller. Mar. Struct. 23: 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2009.10.002
[6] Chen BYH, Neely SK, Michael TJ, Gowing S, Szwerc RP, Buchler D, Schult R (2006) Design, fabrication and testing of pitch-adapting (Flex) propellers. Paper presented at the SNAME 11th Propeller and Shafting Symposium, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5957/PSS-2006-08
[7] Colclough WJ, Russell JG (1972) The development of a composite propeller blade with a carbon fibre reinforced plastics spar. Aeronautical Journal-New Series 76(733):53-57. DOI: 10.1017/S0001924000042408
[8] Das HN, Kapuria S (2016) On the use of bend-twist coupling in full-scale composite marine propellers for improving hydrodynamic performance. J. Fluids Struct. 61: 132-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.11.008
[9] Ding G, Jiang N, Gao X, Wang F, Wu X (2022a) Deformation monitoring of propeller underwater operation based on fiber optic grating sensing network. Ocean Eng. 264: 112308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112308
[10] Ding G, Yan X, Gao X, Zhang Y, Jiang S (2022b) Reconstruction of propeller deformation based on FBG sensor network. Ocean Eng. 249: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.110884
[11] Dubbioso G, Muscari R, Ortolani F, Di Mascio A (2022) Numerical analysis of marine propellers low frequency noise during maneuvering. Part II: Passive and active noise control strategies. Appl. Ocean Res. 106: 102461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2022.103201
[12] Fuentes D, Cura Hochbaum A, Schulze R (2022) Numerical and experimental fluid - structure interaction analysis of a flexible propeller. Sh. Technol. Res. 1-11: 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/09377255.2022.2115241
[13] Georgiev DJ, Ikehata M (1998) Hydroelastic effects on propeller blades in steady flow. J. Soc. Nav. Archit. Japan 1-14: 116046253. https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1998.184_1
[14] Ghassabzadeh M, Ghassemi H, Saryazdi MG (2013) Determination of hydrodynamics characteristics of marine propeller using hydroelastic analysis. Brodogradnja 64: 40-45
[15] Ghose PJP, Gokarn RP (2015) Basic ship propulsion. KW Publisher Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, India, 216-217
[16] Gowing S, Coffin P, Dai C (1998) Hydrofoil cavitation improvements with elastically coupled composite materials. Paper presented at the SNAME 25th American Towing Tank Conference, Iowa, USA, 425-429. https://doi.org/10.5957/attc-1998-019
[17] Grasso N, Hallmann R, Scholcz T, Zondervan GJ, Maljaars P, Schouten R (2019) Measurements of the hydro-elastic behaviour of flexible composite propellers in non-uniform flow at model and full scale. Sixth International Symposium on Marine Propulsors, Rome, Itly, 1-10
[18] Grigoropoulos GJ, Campana EF, Diez M, Serani A, G?ren O, Sari?z K, Danisman DB, Visonneau M, Queutey P, Abdel-Maksoud M, Stern F (2017) Mission-based hull form and propeller optimisation of a transom stern destroyer for best performance in the sea environment. 7th Int. Conf. Comput. Methods Mar. Eng., 83-94
[19] Han S, Lee H, Min Churl S, Chang BJ (2015) Investigation of hydro-elastic performance of marine propellers using fluid-structure interraction analysis. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2015, Houston, Texas, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2015-51089
[20] Han S, Wang P, Jin Z, An X, Xia H (2022) Structural design of the composite blades for a marine ducted propeller based on a two-way fluid-structure interaction method. Ocean Eng. 259: 111872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111872
[21] Hara Y, Yamatogi T, Murayama H, Uzawa K, Kageyama K (2011) Perfomrance evaluation of composite marine propeller for a fishing boat by fluid-structure interaction analysis. The 18th International Conference on Composites Materials, Jeju Island, Korea, 1-6
[22] He XD, Hong Y, Wang RG (2012) Hydroelastic optimisation of a composite marine propeller in a non-uniform wake. Ocean Eng. 39: 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2011.10.007
[23] Hong Y, Hao LF, Wang PC, Liu WB, Zhang HM, Wang RG (2014) Structural design and multi-objective evaluation of composite bladed propeller. Polym. Polym. Compos. 22: 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/096739111402200308
[24] Hong Y, Wilson PA, He XD, Wang RG (2017) Numerical analysis and performance comparison of the same series of composite propellers. Ocean Eng. 144: 211-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.08.036
[25] Huang Z, Xiong Y, Yang G (2016) Fluid-structure hydroelastic analysis and hydrodynamic cavitation experiments of composite propeller. Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Rhodes, Greece, 441-447
[26] Hussain M, Abdel-Nasser Y, Banawan A, Ahmed YM (2021) Effect of hydrodynamic twisting moment on design and selection of flexible composite marine propellers. Ocean Eng. 220: 108399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108399
[27] International Maritime Organisation (2019) Citing electronic sources of information. International Maritime Organisation. Available from https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.Aspx [Accessed on Apr. 11, 2023]
[28] ITTC (2019) Citing electronic sources of information International towing tank conference ITTC. Available from https://ittc.info/media/8372/index.pdf [Accessed on Apr. 11, 2023]
[29] Kawakita C (2019) An experimental study on hydrodynamic performance of flexible composite model propellers. 6th International Symposium on Marine Propulsors, Rome, Italy, 247595999
[30] Kim JH, Ahn BK, Ruy WS, Kim GD, Lee CS (2019) Numerical prediction of hydroelastic performance of the flexible propeller. Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. 29(3): 339-346. https://doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2019.mk64
[31] Kim JH, Lee H, Kim SH, Choi HY, Hah ZH, Seol HS (2022) Performance prediction of composite marine propeller in non-cavitating and cavitating flow. Appl. Sci. 12: 5170. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12105170
[32] Kumar A, Lal Krishna G, Anantha Subramanian V (2019) Design and analysis of a carbon composite propeller for podded propulsion. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer, Chennai, 203-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3119-0_13
[33] Kumar A, Vijayakumar R, Subramanian V (2021) Numerical fluid-structure interaction analysis for a flexible marine propeller using co-simulation method. Int. J. Marit. Eng. 163: 83-92. https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v163ia2.759
[34] Kumar J, Wurm FH (2015) Bi-directional fluid-structure interaction for large deformation of layered composite propeller blades. J. Fluids Struct. 57: 32-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.04.007
[35] Lee H, Song MC, Han S, Chang BJ, Suh JC (2017) Hydro-elastic aspects of a composite marine propeller in accordance with ply lamination methods. J. Mar. Sci. Technol. 22: 479-493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-016-0428-4
[36] Lee H, Song MC, Suh JC, Chang BJ (2014) Hydro-elastic analysis of marine propellers based on a BEM-FEM coupled FSI algorithm. Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng. 6: 562-577. https://doi.org/10.2478/IJNAOE-2013-0198
[37] Lee YJ, Lin CC (2004) Optimised design of composite propeller. Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. 11: 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376490490257639
[38] Li G, Li W, You Y, Yang C, Hu T (2013) Study on fluid-structure interaction characteristics of composite marine propeller. Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE), Alaska, USA, 554-559
[39] Li J, Qu Y, Hua H (2017a) Hydroelastic analysis of underwater rotating elastic marine propellers by using a coupled BEM-FEM algorithm. Ocean Eng. 146: 178-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.028
[40] Li J, Qu Y, Zhang Z, Hua H (2020) Parametric analysis on hydroelastic behaviors of hydrofoils and propellers using a strongly coupled finite element/panel method. J. Mar. Sci. Technol. 25: 148-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-019-00638-z
[41] Li J, Rao Z, Su J, Qu Y, Hua H (2018a) A numerical method for predicting the hydroelastic response of marine propellers. Appl. Ocean Res. 74: 188-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2018.02.012
[42] Li S, Zhang AM, Han R (2018b) Counter-jet formation of an expanding bubble near a curved elastic boundary. Phys. Fluids 30: 127237132. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5081786
[43] Li S, Zhang AM, Han R, Liu YQ (2017b) Experimental and numerical study on bubble-sphere interaction near a rigid wall. Phys. Fluids 29: 092102. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4993800
[44] Lin CC, Lee YJ (2004) Stacking sequence optimisation of laminated composite structures using genetic algorithm with local improvement. Compos. Struct. 63: 339-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00182-X
[45] Lin CC, Lee YJ, Hung CS (2009) Optimisation and experiment of composite marine propellers. Compos. Struct. 89: 206-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.07.020
[46] Lin HJ, Lai WM, Kuo YM (2010) Effects of stacking sequence on nonlinear hydroelastic behavior of composite propeller blade. J. Mech. 26: 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1727719100003841
[47] Lin HJ, Lin JJ (1997) Effects of stacking sequence on hydroelastic behavior of composite propeller blade. Proceedings of Eleventh International Conference on Composite Materials, Gold Coast, Australia, 757-761. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1727719100003841
[48] Lin HJ, Lin JJ, Chuang TJ (2005) Strength evaluation of a composite marine propeller blade. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 24: 1791-1807. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684405052199
[49] Liu Z, Young YL (2007) Utilisation of deformation coupling in self-twisting composite propellers. 16th International Conference on Composite Materials, Kyoto, Japan, 1-7
[50] Maljaars P, Bronswijk L, Windt J, Grasso N, Kaminski M (2018) Experimental validation of fluid-structure interaction computations of flexible composite propellers in open water conditions using BEM-FEM and RANS-FEM methods. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 6: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6020051
[51] Maljaars PJ, Dekker JA (2014) Hydro-elastic analysis of flexible marine propellers. 2nd International Conference on Maritime Technology and Engineering (MARTECH). Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), Lisbon, Portugal, 705-715. DOI: 10.1201/b17494-94
[52] Maljaars PJ, Grasso N, den Besten JH, Kaminski ML (2020) BEM-FEM coupling for the analysis of flexible propellers in nonuniform flows and validation with full-scale measurements. J. Fluids Struct. 95: 102946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2020.102946
[53] Maljaars PJ, Kaminski ML, den Besten JH (2017) Finite element modelling and model updating of small scale composite propellers. Compos. Struct. 176: 154-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.04.023
[54] Marsh G (2004) A new start for marine propellers? Reinf. Plast. 48: 34-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-3617(04)00493-X
[55] Motley MR, Young YL (2011) Performance-based design and analysis of flexible composite propulsors. J. Fluids Struct. 27: 1310-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2011.08.004
[56] Motley MR, Young YL (2012) Scaling of the transient hydroelastic response and failure mechanisms of self-adaptive composite marine propellers. Int. J. Rotating Mach., 56248193. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/632856
[57] Motley MR, Young YL, Baker JW (2009) Reliability-based design and optimisation of self-twisting composite marine rotors. Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), 777-783. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2009-80067
[58] Mouritz AP, Gellert E, Burchill P, Challis K (2001) Review of advanced composite structures for naval ships and submarines. Compos. Struct. 53: 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00175-6
[59] Mulcahy NL, Prusty BG, Gardiner CP (2010) Hydroelastic tailoring of flexible composite propellers. Ships Offshore Struct. 5: 359-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2010.481139
[60] Mulle P, Pécot F (2017) Development of a fluid structure coupling for composite tidal turbines and marine propellers. VII International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering (MARINE), Nantes, France, 15-17
[61] Nakashima Propeller Company (2015) Benefits of carbon composite marine propeller. Available from https://www.classnk.or.jp/classnkrd/assets/pdf/katsudou201511_D.pdf [Accessed on Apr. 11, 2023]
[62] Nouri NM, Mohammadi S, Neyestanaki MK, Beygi E (2018) Hydroelastic effects of the camber ratio on a ducted marine propeller in a wake flow. J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 59: 445-450. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021894418030070
[63] Ortolani F, Dubbioso G (2019a) Experimental investigation of blade and propeller loads: Steady turning motion. Appl. Ocean Res. 91: 101874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2019.101874
[64] Ortolani F, Dubbioso G (2019b) Experimental investigation of single blade and propeller loads by free running model test. Straight ahead sailing. Appl. Ocean Res. 87: 111-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2019.03.005
[65] Ortolani F, Dubbioso G, Muscari R, Mauro S, Di Mascio AD (2018) Experimental and numerical investigation of propeller loads in off-design conditions. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 6(2): 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6020045
[66] Paik BG, Kim GD, Kim KY, Seol HS, Hyun BS, Lee SG, Jung YR (2013) Investigation on the performance characteristics of the flexible propellers. Ocean Eng. 73: 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.09.005
[67] Pourmostafa M, Ghadimi P, Pham D (2020) Applying boundary element method to simulate a high-skew Controllable Pitch Propeller with different hub diameters for preliminary design purposes. Cogent Engineering 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1805857
[68] Prini F, Benson SD, Dow RS (2017) The effect of laminate, stud geometry and advance coefficient on the deflection of a composite marine propeller. Prog. Anal. Des. Mar. Struct, 753-762. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315157368-97
[69] Radtke L, Lampe T, Abdel-Maksoud M, Düster A (2020) A partitioned solution approach for the simulation of the dynamic behaviour of flexible marine propellers. Sh. Technol. Res. 67: 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/09377255.2018.1542782
[70] Rama krishna V, Sanaka SP, Pardhasaradhi N, Raghava Rao B (2021) Hydro-elastic computational analysis of a marine propeller using two-way fluid structure interaction. J. Ocean Eng. Sci. 7(3): 280-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joes.2021.08.010
[71] Reuters (2019) Citing electronic sources of information Reuters. Available from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shippingenvironment-imo-idUSKCN2502AY [Accessed on Apr. 11, 2023]
[72] Rokvam S?, Vedvik NP, Mark L, Romcke E, ?lnes JS, Savio L, Echermeyer A (2021) Experimental verification of the elastic response in a numeric model of a composite propeller blade with bend twist deformation. Polymers (Basel) 13(21): 3766. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213766
[73] Sagaut P, Deck S, Terracol M (2013) Multiscale and multiresolution approaches in turbulence. Imperial College Press, London, 448
[74] Sajedi H, Mahdi M (2022) Investigation of the effect of propeller flexibility on cavitation formation and hydrodynamic coefficients. J. Mar. Sci. Technol. 27: 1116-1129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-022-00892-8
[75] Sivakumar P, Devi RSS, Shree SV, Keerthanaa K (2018) Electric vehicles-benefits and challenges. Ecol. Environ. Conserv. J. 24: 410-414
[76] Vidya Sagar M, Venkaiah M, Sunil D (2013) Static and dynamic analysis on composite propeller of ship using FEA. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 7(2): 310-315. DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV2IS70418
[77] Yamatogi T, Murayama H, Uzawa K, Mishima T, Ishihara Y (2011) Study on composite material marine propellers. J. Japan Inst. Mar. Eng. 46: 330-340. https://doi.org/10.5988/jime.46.330
[78] Young YL (2003) Fluid and structural modeling of cavitating propeller flows. Fifth International Symposium on Cavitation, Osaka, 220597561
[79] Young YL (2008) Fluid-structure interaction analysis of flexible composite marine propellers. J. Fluids Struct. 24: 799-818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2007.12.010
[80] Young YL (2007a) Hydroelastic behavior of flexible composite propellers in wake inflow. ICCM International Conferences on Composite Materials. Japan Society for Composite Materials, Kyoto, Japan, 113885634
[81] Young YL (2007b) Time-dependent hydroelastic analysis of cavitating propulsors. J. Fluids Struct. 23: 269-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2006.09.003
[82] Young YL, Arbor A, Motley M (2009) Rate-dependent hydroelastic response of self-adaptive composite propellers in fully wetted and cavitating flows. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Cavitation CAV2009, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 1-10
[83] Young YL, Liu Z (2007) Hydroelastic tailoring of composite naval propulsors. Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), 777-787. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2007-29648
[84] Young YL, Motley MR, Barber R, Chae EJ, Garg N (2017) Adaptive composite marine propulsors and turbines: Progress and challenges. Appl. Mech. Rev. 68: 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034659
[85] Zhang AM, Li S, Cui J (2015) Study on splitting of a toroidal bubble near a rigid boundary. Phys. Fluids 27: 062102. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4922293
[86] Zhang AM, Li SM, Cui P, Li S, Liu YL (2023) A unified theory for bubble dynamics. Phys. Fluids 35: 033323. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0145415
[87] Zhang AM, Ni BY (2014) Three-dimensional boundary integral simulations of motion and deformation of bubbles with viscous effects. Comput. Fluids 92: 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2013.12.020
[88] Zhang AM, Wu WB, Liu YL, Wang QX (2017) Nonlinear interaction between underwater explosion bubble and structure based on fully coupled model. Phys. Fluids 29:082111. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4999478
[89] Zhang F, Ma J (2018) FSI analysis the dynamic performance of composite propeller. Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Madrid, Spain, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2018-77108
[90] Zondervan G, Grasso N, Lafeber W (2017) Hydrodynamic design and model testing techniques for composite ship propellers. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Marine Propulsors, Espoo, Finland, 1-9

Memo

Memo:
Received date:2023-7-14;Accepted date:2023-9-5。
Foundation item:Supporting by the project ‘FILE NO.CRG/2022/001718’.
Corresponding author:Ashok Kumar,E-mail:s.ashokji@gmail.com
Last Update: 2025-04-23