|Table of Contents|

Citation:
 Shengjie Rui,Wenjie Zhou,Kanmin Shen,et al.Review on Seabed Trenches Induced by Mooring Lines and Analyses of Anchor Bearing Capacity[J].Journal of Marine Science and Application,2023,(2):296-310.[doi:10.1007/s11804-023-00333-x]
Click and Copy

Review on Seabed Trenches Induced by Mooring Lines and Analyses of Anchor Bearing Capacity

Info

Title:
Review on Seabed Trenches Induced by Mooring Lines and Analyses of Anchor Bearing Capacity
Author(s):
Shengjie Rui13 Wenjie Zhou1 Kanmin Shen2 Zhen Guo1
Affilations:
Author(s):
Shengjie Rui13 Wenjie Zhou1 Kanmin Shen2 Zhen Guo1
1 Key Laboratory of Offshore Geotechnics and Material of Zhejiang Province, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Far-shore Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province, PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China;
3 Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Sandakerveien 140, Oslo 0484, Norway
Keywords:
Seabed trenchMooring lineAnchorBearing capacityInterface shear
分类号:
-
DOI:
10.1007/s11804-023-00333-x
Abstract:
Mooring systems are usually adopted to position floating structures, including mooring lines and anchors, and directly determine the safety of floating structures. Seabed inspection reported that seabed trenches induced by mooring line-soil interaction appear in front of the anchor and reduce the anchor bearing capacity. This work first introduces the research progress of mooring line-soil interaction and seabed trenching simulation. Research about the suction anchor capacity in clay and sand is presented, and the seabed trench influence on anchor capacity is analyzed. For anchor analysis, this study gives a new perspective to analyze anchor installation and bearing capacity, i. e., structure-soil interface characteristic. Some common anchor types are analyzed. Results showed that seabed trench simulation is still needed to acquire trench 3D profiles, in which the mooring line-soil dynamic interaction cannot be ignored. At present, the trench influence is not considered in suction anchor design, making the design dangerous. For the anchor, the interface shear characteristics control the most unfavorable loading conditions. Thus, accurate interface parameters should be obtained for anchor analysis.

References:

Ahmed SS, Hawlader BC (2014) Finite element modeling of inclined load capacity of suction caisson in with Abaqus/Explicit.Proceedings of the 24th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Busan, Korea
Alderlieste E, Romp R, Kay S, Lofterød A (2016) Assessment of seafloor trench for suction pile moorings:a field case.Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference, OTC, Houston, Texas, OTC-27035-MS.https://doi.org/10.4043/27035-MS
Andersen KH, Murff JD, Randolph MF, Clukey EC, Erbrich CT, Jostad HP, Hansen B, Aubeny C, Sharma P, Supachawarote C (2005) Suction anchors for deep water applications.Proceedings of International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics, ISFOG, Perth, 19-21.https://doi.org/10.1201/NOE0415390637.ch1
API (2014) Specific Requirements for Offshore Structures, Part 4-Geotechnical and Foundation Design Considerations
API-RP-2SK (2005) Recommended Practice for Design and Analysis of Station Keeping Systems for Floating Structures
Arslan H, Peterman BR, Wong PC, Bhattacharjee S (2015) Remaining capacity of the suction pile due to seabed trenching.The International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE, Kona, Big Island, Hawaii, USA
Aubeny CP, Han SW, Murff JD (2003) Inclined load capacity of suction caissons.International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 27(14):1235-1254.https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.319
Aubeny CP, Murff JD (2005) Simplified limit solutions for the capacity of suction anchors under undrained conditions.Ocean Engineering, 32:864-77.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.10.006
Bang S, Cho Y (2001) Ultimate horizontal loading capacity of suction piles.Proceedings of the 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Stavanger, Norway, June.
Bang S, Jones K, Kim YS, Kim KO, Cho Y (2006) Horizontal pullout capacity of embedded suction anchors in sand.Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Hamburg, Germany, June.https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2006-92006
Bang S, Jones KD, Kim KO, Kim YS, Cho Y (2011) Inclined loading capacity of suction piles in sand.Ocean Engineering, 38(7):915-924.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.10.019
Bhattacharjee S, Majhi SM, Smith D, Garrity R (2014) Serpentina FPSO mooring integrity issues and system replacement:unique fast track approach.Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference, OTC, Houston, Texas, OTC-25449-MS.https://doi.org/10.4043/25449-MS
Bienen B, Klinkvort RT, O’Loughlin C, Zhu F, Byrne BW (2018) Suction caissons in dense sand, Part II:vertical cyclic loading into tension.Géotechnique, 68(11):953-967.https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.16.P.282
Boukpeti N, White DJ (2017) Interface shear box tests for assessing axial pipe-soil resistance.Géotechnique, 67(1):18-30.https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.15.P.112
Byrne BW, Houlsby GT (2002) Experimental investigations of the response of suction caissons to transient vertical loading.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 128(11):926-939.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:11(926)
Cerfontaine B, Collin F, Charlier R (2016) Numerical modelling of transient cyclic vertical loading of suction caissons in sand.Géotechnique, 66(2):121-136.https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.15.P.061
Choi Y, Kim B, Kwon O, Youn H (2014) Horizontal pullout capacity of steel chain embedded in sand.Advances in Soil Dynamics and Foundation Engineering, 500-508.https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413425.051
Colliat JL, Safinus S, Boylan N, Schroeder K (2018) Formation and development of seabed trenching from subsea inspection data of deepwater gulf of Guinea moorings.Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference, OTC, Houston, Texas, OTC-29034-MS.https://doi.org/10.4043/29034-MS
Degenkamp G, Dutta A (1989) Soil resistances to embedded mooring line in soft clay.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 115(10):1420-1438.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE) 0733-9410(1989)115:10(1420)
DeJong JT, Frost JD (2002) A multisleeve friction attachment for the cone penetrometer.Geotechnical Testing Journal, 25(2):111-127.https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11355J
DeJong JT, Westgate ZJ (2009) Role of initial state, material properties, and confinement condition on local and global soilstructure interface behavior.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 135(11):1646-1660.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:11(1646)
Deng W, Carter JP (2000) Inclined uplift capacity of suction caissons in sand.Proceedings, Offshore Technology Confonrence, OTC, Houston, Texas, 500-506.https://doi.org/10.4043/12196-MS
Dietz MS, Lings ML (2006) Post peak strength of interfaces in a stress-dilatancy framework.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132(11):1474-1484.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1474)
DNVGL-RP-C212 (2017) Offshore Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
DNV-OS-E301 (2013) Position mooring-recommended practice
DNV-RP-E301 (2012) Design and installation of fluke anchorsrecommended practice
Dove JE, Frost JD (1999) Peak friction behaviour of smooth geomembrane-particle interfaces.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(7):544-555.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:7(544)
Dove P, Treu H, Wilde B (1998) Suction embedded plate anchor(SEPLA):A new anchoring solution for ultra-deepwater mooring.Proceedings of the Deep Offshore Technology Conference, DOT, New Orleans.
EI-Sherbiny RM (2005) Performance of suction anchor anchors in normally consolidated clay.PhD Thesis.University of Texas at Austin
Feng XW, Gourvenec S, White DJ (2019) Load capacity of caisson anchors exposed to seabed trenching.Ocean Engineering, 171:181-192.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.09.027
Frankenmolen S., White D., O’Loughlin C (2016) Chain-soil interaction in carbonate sand.Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference, OTC, Houston.https://doi.org/10.4043/27102-MS
Gao YF, Qiu Y, Li B, Li DY, Sha CM, Zheng X (2013) Experimental studies on the anti-uplift behavior of the suction caissons in sand.Applied Ocean Research, 43:37-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2013.08.001
Gaudin C, O’loughlin CD, Randolph MF, Lowmass AC (2006) Influence of the installation process on the performance of suction embedded plate anchors.Géotechnique, 56(6):381-391.https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2006.56.6.381
Gault J, William R (1974) Method for predicting geometry and load distribution in an anchor chain from a single point mooring buoy to a buried anchorage.Proceedings of the 6th Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 309-318.https://doi.org/10.4043/2062-MS
Guo Z, Jeng DS, Guo W, Wang LZ (2018) Failure mode and capacity of suction caisson under inclined short-term static and one-way cyclic loadings.Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 36(1):52-63.https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2017.1279244
Guo Z, Wang LZ, Yuan F (2016) Quasi-static analysis of the multicomponent mooring line for deeply embedded anchors.Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 138(1):011302.https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031986
Guo Z, Zhou WJ, Zhu CB, Yuan F, Rui SJ (2019) Numerical simulations of wave-induced soil erosion in silty sand seabeds.Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(2):52.https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020052
Han C, Liu J (2020) A review on the entire installation process of dynamically installed anchors.Ocean Engineering, 202:107173.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107173
Hess (2015) DOC.No.ABD-DCO-RPT_01000 issued December 2015
Hirai H (2017) Evaluation of pullout load capacity of suction caissons in sand using a three-dimensional displacement approach.Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 35(8):1121-1134.https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2017.1295120
House AR, Randolph MF (2001) Installation and pull-out of stiffened suction caissons in cohesive sediments.Proceedings of the 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Stavanger, Norway, June.
ISO-19901-7 (2005) Petroleum and natural gas industries-specific requirements for offshore structures-Part 7:Station keeping systems for floating offshore structures and mobile offshore units.
Jang YS, Kim YS (2013) Centrifugal model behavior of laterally loaded suction pile in sand.KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 17(5):980-988.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0011-z
Jeong Y, Kim J, Manandhar S, Ha J, Park H, Kim D (2020) Centrifuge modelling of drained pullout and compression cyclic behavior of suction bucket.International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 20(2):59-70.https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.18.00044
Kelly RB, Houlsby GT, Byrne BW (2006) Transient vertical loading of model suction caissons in a pressure chamber.Géotechnique, 56(10):665-675.https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2006.56.10.665
Kim KO, Kim YS, Cho Y, Bang S, Jones K (2009) Centrifuge model tests on suction piles in sand under inclined loading.Proceedings of the 19th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Osaka, Japan
Lings ML, Dietz MS (2005) The peak strength of sand-steel interfaces and the role of dilation.Soils and foundations, 45(6):1-14.https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.45.1
Liu HX, Peng JS, Zhao YB (2015) Analytical study of the failure mode and pullout capacity of suction anchors in sand.Ocean System Engineering, 5(4):279-299.http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/ose.2015.5.4.279
Liu HX, Wang C, Zhao YB (2013) Analytical study of the failure mode and pullout capacity of suction anchors in clay.Ocean System Engineering, 3(2):79-95.http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/ose.2013.3.2.079
Madslien J (2009) Floating challenge for offshore wind turbine.BBC News
Martinez A, Stutz HH (2019) Rate effects on the interface shear behaviour of normally and overconsolidated clay.Géotechnique, 69(9):801-815.https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.17.P.311
Neubecker SR, Randolph MF (1995) Profile and frictional capacity of embedded anchor chains.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 121(11):797-803.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995) 121:11(797)
O’Loughlin CD, Lowmass A, Gaudin CD (2006) Physical modelling to assess keying characteristics of plate anchors.Proceedings of the International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Hong Kong:CRC Press
O’Neill M, Erbrich C, Mcnamara A (2018) Prediction of seabed trench formation induced by anchor chain motions.Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference, OTC.https://doi.org/10.4043/29068-MS
OWA.Offshore Wind Accelerator (2019) Suction Installed Caisson Foundations for Offshore Wind
Randolph MF, Gourvenec S (2011) Offshore geotechnical engineering.
CRC Press Randolph MF, House AR (2002) Analysis of suction caisson capacity in clay.Proceedings of the 34th Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, OTC14236, May 6-9, 2002, 1-11.https://doi.org/10.4043/14236-MS
Rao KSS, Allam MM, Robinson RG (1998) Interfacial friction between sand and solid surfaces.Geotechnical Engineering, 131(2):75-82.https://doi.org/10.1680/igeng.1998.30112
Rao SN, Latha KH, Pallavi B, Surendran S (2006) Studies on pullout capacity of anchors in marine clays for mooring systems.Applied Ocean Research, 28(2):103-111.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2006.08.001
Reese L (1973) A design method for an anchor pile in a mooring system.Proceedings of the 5th Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 209-218.https://doi.org/10.4043/1745-MS
Rui SJ, Guo Z, Wang LZ, Zhou WJ, Shen KM (2018) Shear band between steel and carbonate sand under monotonic and cyclic loading.Proceedings of China-Europe Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, Vienna, Austria, August 12-17, 602-606.
Rui SJ, Wang LZ, Shen KM, Guo Z, Zhou WJ, Li YJ (2020a) Numerical studies on seabed trench formation near the mooring foundation for floating wind turbines.Proceeding:International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Shanghai, China, October 11-16, 1643-1650.
Rui SJ, Guo Z, Si TL, Li YJ (2020b) Effect of particle shape on the liquefaction resistance of calcareous sands.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 137:106302.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106302
Rui SJ, Wang LZ, Guo Z, Cheng XM, Wu B (2021a) Monotonic behavior of interface shear between carbonate sands and steel.Acta Geotechnica, 16:167-187.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-00987-9
Rui SJ, Wang LZ, Guo Z, Zhou WJ, Li YJ (2021b) Cyclic behavior of interface shear between carbonate sands and steel.Acta Geotechnica, 16:189-209.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01002-x
Rui SJ, Wang LZ, Guo Z, Zhang HJ, Zhou WJ (2021c) Axial interaction between anchor chain and sand.Part I:Monotonic loading test.Applied Ocean Research, 113(1):102761.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2021.102761
Rui SJ, Wang LZ, Guo Z, Yang H, Zhou WJ (2021d) Axial interaction between anchor chain and sand.Part II:Cyclic loading test.Applied Ocean Research, 114(6):102815.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2021.102815
Rui SJ, Guo Z, Si TL, Zhou WJ, Zha X (2021e) Particle shape influence on the deformation resistance of carbonate sands under drained condition.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 144:106688.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106688
Rui S, Guo Z, Wang L, Liu H, Zhou W (2021f) Numerical investigations on load transfer of mooring line considering chain-seabed dynamic interaction.Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 39(12):1433-1448.https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2020.1846646
Rui SJ, Guo Z, Wang LZ, Wang H, Zhou WJ (2022a) Inclined loading Capacity of Caisson anchor in South China Sea Carbonate Sand Considering the Seabed Soil Loss.Ocean Engineering, 260(15):111790.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111790
Rui SJ, Guo Z, Wang LZ, Dou YZ, Zhou WJ, Zha X (2022b) Mobilization mechanism and calculation method of embedded chain axial resistance in sand.Ocean engineering, 263:112356.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112356
Sassi K, Kuo MYH, Versteele H, Cathie DN, Zehzouh S (2017) Insights into the Mechanisms of Mooring line Trench Formation.The Offshore Site Investigations and Geotechnics Conference, Society for Underwater Technology, SUT OSIG, London, UK, 10-12 September 2017
Sassi K, Zehzouh S, Blanc M, Thorel L, Cathie D, Puech A, ColliatDangus JL (2018) Effect of seabed trenching on the holding capacity of suction anchors in soft deepwater Gulf of Guinea clays.Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference.OTC, Houston, Texas, OTC-28756-MS.https://doi.org/10.4043/28756-MS
Senders M (2008) Suction Caissons in Sand as Tripod Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines.PhD Thesis.University of Western Australia
Shen K, Guo Z, Wang L (2019) Prediction of the whole mooring chain reaction to cyclic motion of a fairlead.Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78:2197-2213.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1300-z
Song Z, Hu Y, O’loughlin C D, Randolph M (2009) Loss in anchor embedment during plate anchor keying in clay.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 135(10):1475-1485.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000098
Stanier S, White D, Chatterjee S, Brunning P, Randolph M (2015) A tool for ROV-based seabed friction measurement.Applied Ocean Research, 50:155-162.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2015.01.016
Sun C, Feng X, Neubecker S, Randolph M, Bransby M, Gourvenec S (2019a) Numerical study of mobilized friction along embedded catenary mooring chains.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 145(10):04019081.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002154
Sun C, Feng X, Bransby M, Neubecker S, Randolph M, Gourvenec S (2019b) Numerical investigations of the effect of strain softening on the behavior of embedded mooring chains.Applied Ocean Research, 92:101944.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2019.101944
Sun C, Feng X, Bransby M, Neubecker S, Randolph M, Feng XW, Gourvenec S (2020) Numerical Investigations into Development of Seabed Trenching in Semitaut Moorings.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 146(10):04020098.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002347
Tasan HE, Yilmaz SA (2019) Effects of installation on the cyclic axial behaviour of suction buckets in sandy soils.Applied Ocean Research, 91:101905.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2019.101905
Thieken K, Achmus M, Schröder C (2014) On the behavior of suction buckets in sand under tensile loads.Computers and Geotechnics, 60:88-100.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.04.004
Tjelta TI, Aas PM, Hermstad J, Andenaes E (1990) The skirt piled gullfaks C platform installation.Proceedings of Offshore Technology Conference, OTC.https://doi.org/10.4043/6473-MS
Versteele H, Kuo MYH, Cathie DN, Sassi K, Zehzouh S (2017) Mooring line trenching-numerical simulation of progressive erosion.The Offshore Site Investigations and Geotechnics Conference, Society for Underwater Technology, SUT OSIG, London, UK
Vivatrat V, Philip J, Albert A (1982) The influence of chain friction on anchor pile design.Proceedings of the 14th Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 153-163.https://doi.org/10.4043/4178-MS
Wang L, Guo Z, Yuan F (2010a) Three-dimensional interaction between anchor chain and seabed.Applied Ocean Research, 32(4):404-413.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2010.09.001
Wang L, Guo Z, Yuan F (2010b) Quasi-static three-dimensional analysis of suction anchor mooring system.Ocean Engineering, 37(13):1127-1138.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.05.002
Wang LZ, Rui SJ, Guo Z, Gao YY, Zhou WJ, Liu ZY (2020) Seabed trenching near the mooring anchor:History cases and numerical studies.Ocean Engineering, 218:108233.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108233
White DJ, Campbell ME, Boylan NP, Bransby MF (2012) A new framework for axial pipe-soil interaction, illustrated by shear box tests on carbonate soils.The Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics:Integrated Technologies-Present and Future, London, UK
Wung CC, Litton RW, Mitwally HM (1995) Effect of soil on mooring system dynamics.Proceedings of the 27th Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, OTC-7672, 301-307.1 https://doi.org/10.4043/7672-MS
Xiong LZ, White DJ, Neubecker SR, Zhao WH, Yang JM (2017) Anchor loads in taut moorings:The impact of inverse catenary shakedown.Applied Ocean Research, 67:225-235.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2017.06.010
Xiong LZ, Yang JM, Zhao WH (2016) Dynamics of a taut mooring line accounting for the embedded anchor chains.Ocean Engineering, 121:403-413.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.05.011
Xu C, Jiang H, Xu M, Sun D, Rui SJ (2023) Calculation method for uplift capacity of suction caisson in sand considering different drainage conditions.Sustainability, 15(1):454.https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010454
Yu L, Liu J, Kong XJ, Hu Y (2009) Three-dimensional numerical analysis of the keying of vertically installed plate anchors in clay.Computers and Geotechnics, 36(4):558-567.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.10.008
Zeinoddini M, Mousavi A, Hobbi D (2009) Inclined load bearing capacity of suction caissons embedded in sands, ACSGE2009.
Zha X, Guo Z, Wang LZ, Rui SJ (2022) A simplified model for predicting the accumulated displacement of monopile under horizontal cyclic loadings.Applied Ocean Research, 129:103389.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2022.103389
Zhang LY, Silva F, Grismala R (2005) Ultimate lateral resistance to piles in cohesionless soils.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(1):78-83.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:1(78)
Zhou WJ, Guo Z, Wang LZ, Liu JW, Rui SJ (2019) A novel T-Z model to predict the pile responses under axial cyclic loadings.Computers and Geotechnics, 112:120-134.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.04.027
Zhou WJ, Guo Z, Wang LZ, Li JH, Rui SJ (2020a) Sand-steel interface behaviour under large-displacement and cyclic shear.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 138:106352.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106352
Zhou WJ, Guo Z, Wang LZ, Li JH, Rui SJ (2020b) Effect of Cyclic Jacking on Sand-pile Interface Shear Behaviour.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 141:106479.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106479
Zhou WJ, Guo Z, Wang LZ, Li JH, Rui SJ (2021a) Simplified T-Z models for estimating the frequency and inclination of jacket supported offshore wind turbines.Computers and Geotechnics, 132(4):103959.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.1039 59
Zhou WJ, Guo Z, Wang LZ, Zhang YR, Rui SJ (2021b) Numerical model for suction caisson under axial cyclic loadings.Ocean Engineering, 240(15):109956.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109956

Memo

Memo:
Received date:2022-06-15;Accepted date:2022-08-16。
Foundation item:The Finance Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province (ZDKJ202019), Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2020C03012), National Natural Science Foundation of China (51779220), Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LR22E080005, LHZ19E090003), the European Commission (HORIZON-MSCA-2022-PF-01, 101108745), the Research Council of Norway (SFI BLUES project, 309281), and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Geotechnical Engineering and Materials (OGME22001).
Corresponding author:Zhen Guo,E-mail:nehzoug@163.com
Last Update: 2023-06-02