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Citation:
　Bin Liu,Lei Zhang,Yiwen Wang,et al.Responses of Bow Flare Structures Constructed of Steel, Aluminum Alloy, and GFRP Composite under Extreme Sea Conditions[J].Journal of Marine Science and Application,2026,(2):508-522.[doi:10.1007/s11804-025-00687-4]
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Responses of Bow Flare Structures Constructed of Steel, Aluminum Alloy, and GFRP Composite under Extreme Sea Conditions

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Title:
Responses of Bow Flare Structures Constructed of Steel, Aluminum Alloy, and GFRP Composite under Extreme Sea Conditions
Author(s):
Bin Liu1;  Lei Zhang1; 2;  Yiwen Wang1;  Qingyang Fan1; 2;  C. Guedes Soares3
Affilations:
Author(s):
Bin Liu1;  Lei Zhang1; 2;  Yiwen Wang1;  Qingyang Fan1; 2;  C. Guedes Soares3
1. Green & Smart River-Sea-Going Ship, Cruise and Yacht Research Centre, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China;
2. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China;
3. Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
Keywords:
Bow flare slamming|Stiffened panel|Steel|Aluminum alloy|GFRP composite|High-speed craft
分类号:
-
DOI:
10.1007/s11804-025-00687-4
Abstract:
This paper evaluates the responses of equivalent stiffened panels made of steel, an aluminum alloy, and the glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite under extreme slamming loads. These panels are designed for bow flare structures in high-speed crafts. Their equivalence is established with respect to their designs using the same classification society rules. The analysis methods used in this work are illustrated, and slamming loads and inelastic structural responses are analyzed separately. Slamming loads are evaluated using a two-dimensional rigid bow flared section, with dynamic structural deformation and stress responses assessed through nonlinear finite-element analysis. The structures constructed of various materials are verified to meet design requirements. The primary objective of this work is to investigate the safety margin of bow flare structures constructed of steel, an aluminum alloy, and the GFRP composite under extreme sea conditions. The results show that the equivalent composite structures with larger scantlings, particularly the GFRP flat-bar stiffened structure, still exhibit considerably weaker impact strength under extreme slamming loads. The investigation of the structural responses and damage characteristics of equivalent stiffened plates under extreme slamming loads provides a reference for the potential limit state design of the bow flare structures of high-speed crafts.

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Memo

Memo:
Received date:2024-12-23;Accepted date:2025-1-22。<br>Corresponding author:Yiwen Wang,E-mail:yiwenwang90@whut.edu.cn
Last Update: 2026-06-08