|Table of Contents|

Citation:
　Jixiang Zhang,Shan Wang,Milad Shadman,et al.Environmental Contour Methods for Long-Term Extreme Response Prediction of Offshore Wind Turbines[J].Journal of Marine Science and Application,2026,(2):473-490.[doi:10.1007/s11804-025-00688-3]
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Environmental Contour Methods for Long-Term Extreme Response Prediction of Offshore Wind Turbines

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Title:
Environmental Contour Methods for Long-Term Extreme Response Prediction of Offshore Wind Turbines
Author(s):
Jixiang Zhang1;  Shan Wang2;  Milad Shadman1;  Mojtaba Maali Amiri1;  Baiqiao Chen2;  Chen An3;  Segen Farid Estefen1; 4
Affilations:
Author(s):
Jixiang Zhang1;  Shan Wang2;  Milad Shadman1;  Mojtaba Maali Amiri1;  Baiqiao Chen2;  Chen An3;  Segen Farid Estefen1; 4
1. Offshore Renewable Energy Group-GERO/COPPE, Ocean Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil;
2. Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal;
3. College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China;
4. National Institute for Ocean Research-INPO, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-850, Brazil
Keywords:
Environmental contour method|Offshore wind turbine|Long-term extreme response|Reliability
分类号:
-
DOI:
10.1007/s11804-025-00688-3
Abstract:
The long-term responses of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are critical in the design phase, where precise assessments ensure structural reliability and operational efficiency. The environmental contour method (ECM) enables efficient analysis of design responses by focusing on a selected set of critical environmental conditions that predominantly drive long-term extreme responses. Despite its extensive use in offshore engineering, ECM’s application in the structural design and strength assessment of OWTs remains underexplored. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the utilization of ECM in the context of OWT design, incorporating a bibliometric analysis of publications from the Web of Science to identify research trends and key topics. The analysis highlights diverse approaches for estimating long-term extreme responses and constructing environmental contours using statistical distributions. Additionally, the study explores the application of ECM and its modified versions in the design and strength assessment of OWTs. Challenges and opportunities associated with ECM implementation in OWTs are critically analyzed, providing insights into ECM’s potential for enhancing the efficiency and reliability of OWT structural design.

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Memo

Memo:
Received date:2024-12-11;Accepted date:2025-2-6。<br>Foundation item:Supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) under Grant No. 202306440056.<br>Corresponding author:Baiqiao Chen,E-mail:baiqiao.chen@tecnico.ulisboa.pt
Last Update: 2026-06-08