|Table of Contents|

Citation:
　Beatrice Barsotti,Marco Gaiotti,Cesare Mario Rizzo.Recent Industrial Developments of Marine Composites Limit States and Design Approaches on Strength[J].Journal of Marine Science and Application,2020,(4):553-566.[doi:10.1007/s11804-020-00171-1]
Click and Copy

Recent Industrial Developments of Marine Composites Limit States and Design Approaches on Strength

Info

Title:
Recent Industrial Developments of Marine Composites Limit States and Design Approaches on Strength
Author(s):
Beatrice Barsotti;  Marco Gaiotti;  Cesare Mario Rizzo
Affilations:
Author(s):
Beatrice Barsotti;  Marco Gaiotti;  Cesare Mario Rizzo
DITEN, Marine Structures Testing Lab, Polytechnic School, University of Genoa, Via Montallegro, 1, Genoa, Italy
Keywords:
Marine composites; Navy ships; Pleasure crafts; Yachts; FEM; Material characterization; Limit state design; Ultimate strength
分类号:
-
DOI:
10.1007/s11804-020-00171-1
Abstract:
To further exploit the potential of marine composites applications in building ship hulls, offshore structures, and marine equipment and components, design approaches should be improved, facing the challenge of a more comprehensive and explicit assessment of appropriately defined limit states. The structure ultimate/limit conditions shall be verified in principle within the whole structural domain and throughout the ship service life. What above calls for extended and reliable materials characterization on the one hand and for accurate and wide-ranging procedures in structural analyses. This paper presents an overview of recent industrial developments of marine composites limit states assessments and design approaches, as available in open literature, focusing on pleasure crafts and yachts as well as navy ships and thus showing a starting point to fill the gap in this respect. After a general introduction about composites characterization techniques, current design practice and rule requirements are briefly summarized. Both inter-ply and intra-ply failure modes and corresponding limit states are then presented along with recently proposed assessment approaches. Three-dimensional aspects in failure modes and manufacturing methods have been identified as the main factors influencing marine composite robustness. Literature review highlighted also fire resistance and hybrid joining techniques as significant issues in the use of marine composites.

References:

Airoldi A, Baldi A, Bettini P, Sala G (2015) Efficient modelling of forces and local strain evolution during delamination of composite laminates. Compos Part B 72:137-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.002
Alizadeh F, Guedes Soares C (2019) Experimental and numerical investigation of the fracture toughness of glass/vinylester composite laminates. Eur J Mech A Solids 73:204-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2018.08.003
Alizadeh F, Sutherland LS, Guedes Soares C (2016) Effect of vacuum bag pressure on the flexural properties of GFRP composite laminates. In:Guedes Soares C, Santos TA (eds) Maritime technology and engineering. Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp 429-434
Andideh M, Esfandeh M (2017) Effect of surface modification of electrochemically oxidized carbon fibers by grafting hydroxyl and amine functionalized hyperbranched polyurethanes on interlaminar shear strength of epoxy composites. Carbon 123:233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.07.035
Astrom BT (1997) Manufacturing of polymer composites. CRC press
Bai Z, Song L, Hu Y, Gong X, Yuen RKK (2014) Investigation on flame retardancy, combustion and pyrolysis behavior of flame retarded unsaturated polyester resin with a star-shaped phosphorus-containing compound. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 105:317-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.11.019
Bert CW (1989) Classical lamination theory. In:Pendleton RL, Tuttle ME (eds) Manual on experimental methods for mechanical testing of composites. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1129-1_3
Colombo C, Vergani L (2014) Influence of delamination on fatigue properties of a fibreglass composite. Compos Struct 107(1):325-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.07.028
Cricrì G, Perrella M (2017) Investigation of mode Ⅲ fracture behaviour in bonded pultruded GFRP composite joints. Compos Part B 112:176-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.052
Di Landro L, Montalto A, Bettini P, Guerra S, Montagnoli F, Rigamonti M (2017) Detection of voids in carbon/epoxy laminates and their influence on mechanical properties. Polym Polym Compos 25(5):371-380. https://doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500506
Evegren F, Hertzberg T (2017) Fire safety regulations and performance of fibre-reinforced polymer composite ship structures. Proc Inst Mech Eng M J Eng Mar Environ 231(1):46-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475090215620449
Evegren F, Rahm M, Arvidson M, Hertzberg T (2014) Fire testing of external combustible ship surfaces. Fire Saf Sci 11:905-918. https://doi.org/10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.11-905
Gaiotti M, Rizzo CM, Branner K, Berring P (2014) An high order mixed interpolation tensorial components (MITC) shell element approach for modeling the buckling behavior of delaminated composites. Compos Struct 108(1):657-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.10.003
Gaiotti M, Ravina E, Rizzo CM, Ungaro A (2018). Testing and simulation of a bolted and bonded joint between steel deck and composite side shell plating of a naval vessel. Eng Struct 172:228-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.008
Gaiotti M, Zamarin A, Josefson BL, Matulja T (2020) A numerical sensitivity analysis on the cohesive parameters of a carbon-steel single lap joint. Ocean Eng 198:art. no. 106010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.04.091
Gangloff JJ Jr, Cender TA, Eskizeybek V, Simacek P, Advani SG (2017) Entrapment and venting of bubbles during vacuum bag prepreg processing. J Compos Mater 51(19):2757-2768. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998316676325
Ghelardi S, Gaiotti M, Rizzo CM (2015) On the shear lag effective breadth concept for composite hull structures. Ships Offshore Struct 10(3):272-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2014.887172
Godani M, Gaiotti M, Rizzo CM (2014) Interlaminar shear strength of marine composite laminates:tests and numerical simulations. Compos Struct 112:122-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.02.013
Godani M, Gaiotti M, Rizzo CM (2015) Influence of air inclusions on marine composites inter-laminar shear strength. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Kona, Hawaii, USA, 593-601. ISBN:978-1-880653-89-0
Goodship V, Middleton B, Cherrington R (2016) Design and manufacture of plastic components for multifunctionality-structural composites, injection molding, and 3D printing. Elsevier. Composites:manufacture and application, 53-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-34061-8.00003-X
Gowayed (2013) Developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for civil engineering. Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering, Nasim U Eds. Types of fiber and fiber arrangement in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098955.1.3
Grössing H, Fauster E, Weninger M, Schledjewski R (2016) Influence of textile parameters on the in-plane permeability characteristics of non-crimped fabric preforms. Polym Compos 37(6):1854-1863. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23360
Halpin JC, Kardos JL (1976) The Halpin-Tsai equations:a review. Polym Eng Sci 16(5):344-352. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160512
Hertzberg T, Hedlund-Åström A (2010) The composite superstructure concept. RINA, Royal Institution of naval architects-Ship Design and Operation for Environmental Sustainability, London, United Kingdom, 17-25
Hüther J, Brøndsted P (2016) Influence of the curing cycles on the fatigue performance of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 139(1):012023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/139/1/012023
IMO International Maritime Organization (2000) International code of safety for high-speed craft (HSC code). IMO resolution MSC97(73)
International Maritime Organization (IMO). IMO Resolution A.1023(26), 2009. Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (2009 MODU Code)
Ji Z, Guan Z, Li Z (2016) Damage resistance property of stiffened composite panels under low-velocity impact. Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao 42(4):751-761. https://doi.org/10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2015.0261
Jones RM (1998) Mechanics of composite materials. Materials Science & Engineering Series, 2nd edn. CRC Press
Kaddour AS, Hinton MJ, Li S, Smith PA (2014) The World-Wide Failure Exercise:how can composites design and manufacture communities build their strength. ECCM 16-16th European Conference on Composite Materials, Seville, Spain, 22-26 June 2014
Kalantari M, Dong C, Davies IJ (2017) Effect of matrix voids, fibre misalignment and thickness variation on multi-objective robust optimization of carbon/glass fibre-reinforced hybrid composites under flexural loading. Compos Part B 123:136-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.05.022
Kappel A, Mittelstedt C (2020) Free-edge stress fields in cylindrically curved cross-ply laminated shells. Compos B Eng:183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107693
Kharghani N, Guedes Soares C (2016) Effect of uncertainty in the geometry and material properties on the post-buckling behavior of a composite laminate. Guedes Soares, C. & Santos T. A., (eds.). Maritime technology and engineering 3. London, Taylor & Francis Group, p 497-503
Kharghani N, Guedes Soares C (2018a) Experimental and numerical study of hybrid steel-FRP balcony overhang of ships under shear and bending. Mar Struct 60:15-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2018.03.003
Kharghani N, Guedes Soares C (2018b) Experimental, numerical and analytical study of bending of rectangular composite laminates. Eur J Mech A Solids 72:155-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2018.05.007
Kharghani N, Guedes Soares C (2019) Analytical and experimental study of the ultimate strength of delaminated composite laminates under compressive loading. Compos Struct 228:111355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111355
Kharghani N, Guedes Soares C (2020) Experimental, numerical and analytical study of buckling of rectangular composite laminates. Eur J Mech A Solids 79:103869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2019.103869
Kim S-Y, Shim CS, Sturtevant C, Kim DD-W, Song HC (2014) Mechanical properties and production quality of hand-layup and vacuum infusion processed hybrid composite materials for GFRP marine structures. Int J Nav Architect Ocean Eng 6(3):723-736. https://doi.org/10.2478/IJNAOE-2013-0208
Kobayashi S, Tsukada T, Morimoto T (2017) Resin impregnation behavior in carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composite:effects of yarn thickness, fabric lamination and sizing agent. Compos A:Appl Sci Manuf 101:283-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.06.030
Li X, Li P, Lin Z, Yang D (2015) Mechanical behavior of a glass-fiber reinforced composite to steel joint for ships. J Mar Sci Appl 14(1):39-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-015-1296-8
Li H, Yao Y, Guo L, Zhang Q, Wang B (2018) The effects of delamination deficiencies on compressive mechanical properties of reinforced composite skin structures. Compos Part B 155:138-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.034
Lin Y, Jiang S, Hu Y, Chen G, Shi X, Peng X (2016) Hybrids of aluminum hypophosphite and ammonium polyphosphate:highly effective flame retardant system for unsaturated polyester resin. Polym Compos 39(5):1763-1770. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24128
Lorriot TH, Marion G, Harry R, Wargnier H (2003) Onset of free-edge delamination in composite laminates under tensile loading. Compos Part B 34(5):459-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(03)00016-7
Ma L, Liu D (2016) Delamination and fiber-bridging damage analysis of angle-ply laminates subjected to transverse loading. J Compos Mater 50(22):3063-3075. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998315615647
Maggiani G, Boote D, Gaggero T, Gaiotti M, Rizzo CM (2017) Influence of air inclusions on marine composites inter-laminar shear strength. 2017 International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA, June 25-30
Mantari JL, Guedes Soares C (2013) Finite element formulation of a generalized higher order shear deformation theory for advanced composite plates. Compos Struct 96:545-553
Mehdikhani M, Gorbatikh L, Verpoest I, Lomov SV (2018) Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites:a review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance. J Compos Mater 53:1579-1669. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998318772152
Mohammad HR, Mousa S (2019) Finite element modeling strategies for 2D and 3D delamination propagation in composite DCB specimens using VCCT, CZM and XFEM approaches. Theor Appl Fract Mech 103:102246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102246
Moheimani R, Sarayloo R, Hamid D (2020) Failure study of fiber/epoxy composite laminate interface using cohesive multiscale model. Adv Compos Lett 29:1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X20910157
Mouritz AP, Gellert E, Burchill P, Challis K (2001) Review of advanced composite structures for naval ships and submarines. Compos Struct 53(1):21-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00175-6
Olave M, Vara I, Husabiaga H, Aretxabaleta L, Lomov SV, Vandepitte D (2015) Nesting effect on the mode I fracture toughness of woven laminates. Compos A:Appl Sci Manuf 74:166-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.03.017
Park S-J, Heo G-Y, Jin F-L (2015) Cure behaviors and thermal stabilities of tetrafunctional epoxy resin toughened by polyamideimide. Macromol Res 23(4):320-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-015-3051-z
Pemberton R, Summerscales J, Graham-Jones J (2019) Marine composites-design and performance. Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, Materials selection for marine composites, 3-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102264-1.00001-7
Rahm M, Evergren F, Johnson E, Ringsberg JW (2017) Structural fire integrity testing of lightweight multiple core sandwich structures. In:Soares CG, Garbatov Y (eds) Progress in the analysis and design of marine structures. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 869-875
Raju, Gangadhara Prusty B, Kelly DW (2013) Delamination failure of composite top-hat stiffeners using finite element analysis. Proc Inst Mech Eng M J Eng Mar Environ 227(1):61-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475090212452975
Ribeiro TEA, Campilho RDSG, da Silva LFM, Goglio L (2016) Damage analysis of composite-aluminium adhesively-bonded single-lap joints. Compos Struct 136:25-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.09.054
Roy Xu L, Rosakis Ares J (2002) Impact failure characteristics in sandwich structures. Part I:Basic failure mode selection. Int J Solids Struct 39:4215-4235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00245-7
Russo A, Zarrelli M, Sellitto A, Riccio A (2019) Fiber bridging induced toughening effects on the delamination behavior of composite stiffened panels under bending loading:a numerical/experimental study. Materials 12(15):2407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12152407
Saat AM, Malik AA, Azmi A, Latif MFA, Ramlee NE, Johan MR (2017) Effect of aluminum phosphate on mechanical and flame retardant properties of composites fiberglass. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 12(4):1315-1318
Selvaraju S, Ilaiyavel S (2011) Applications of composites in marine industry. J Eng Res Stud Ⅱ:89-91
Senguttuvan N, Lillymercy J (2015) Joint strength analysis of single lap joint in glass fiber composite material. Int J Appl Eng Res 10(7):16535-16545
Shenoi RA, Wellicome RF (1993) Composite materials in maritime structures. Cambridge Ocean Technology Series, Vol.1 and Vol.2
Shiino MY, Pelosi TS, Cioffi MOH, Donadon MV (2017) The role of stitch yarn on the delamination resistance in non-crimp fabric:chemical and physical interpretation. J Mater Eng Perform 26(3):978-986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2460-2
Son H-G, Park Y-B, Kweon J-H, Choi J-H (2014) Fatigue behaviour of metal pin-reinforced composite single-lap joints in a hygrothermal environment. Compos Struct 108(1):151-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.09.012
Sutherland LS, Guedes Soares C (2011) Impact on marine composite laminated materials. In:Guedes Soares C, Garbatov Y, Fonseca N, Teixeira AP (eds) Marine technology and engineering. Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp 979-991. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3592.5201
Sutherland LS, Amado C, Guedes Soares C (2017) Statistical experimental design techniques to investigate the strength of adhesively bonded T-joints. Compos Struct 159:445-454
Sutherland LS, Amado C, Guedes Soares C (2019) Statistical analyses of the effects of bonding parameters and fabrication robustness on the strength of adhesive T-joints. Compos B 175:107063
Tomaso E, Risso G, Gaiotti M, Rizzo CM (2014) Numerical simulation strategies of single lap joints. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Busan, Korea, 179-186. ISBN 978-1 880653 91-3
Tsai SW, Hahn HT (1980) Introduction to composite materials. CRC Press
Vargas MA, Vázquez H, Guthausen G (2015) Non-isothermal curing kinetics and physical properties of MMT-reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) resins. Thermochim Acta 611:10-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2014.12.024
Woo K, Nelson JW, Cairns DS, Riddle TW (2013) Effects of defects:part B-progressive damage modeling of fiberglass/epoxy composite structures with manufacturing induced flaws utilizing cohesive zone elements. Collection of Technical Papers-AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, art. no. AIAA 2013-1628. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1628
Yaacob A, Mokri KN, Puteri Zarina MK, Mun’aim MA, Idrus M, Zakaria ZA, Koto J (2017) Comparative mechanical properties study of resin infusion versus hand laminating for the construction of 12-ft fishing boat. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 12(6):1954-1960
Yetman JE, Sobey AJ, Blake JIR, Shenoi RA (2017) Mechanical and fracture properties of glass vinylester interfaces. Compos Part B 130:38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.07.011
Yetman JE, Sobey AJ, Blake JIR, Shenoi RA (2019) Modelling the variability of skin stiffener debonding in post-cured top-hat stiffened panels. Compos Struct 211:187-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.11.078
Zimmermann K, Zenkert D, Siemetzki M (2010) Testing and analysis of ultra thick composites. Compos Part B 41(4):326-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.12.004

Memo

Memo:
Received date:2020-04-13;Accepted date:2020-08-25。
Corresponding author:Cesare Mario Rizzo,cesare.rizzo@unige.it
Last Update: 2021-04-07