|Table of Contents|

Citation:
　Jichuan Kang,Jose Sobral,C. Guedes Soares.Review of Condition-Based Maintenance Strategies for Offshore Wind Energy[J].Journal of Marine Science and Application,2019,(1):1-16.[doi:10.1007/s11804-019-00080-y]
Click and Copy

Review of Condition-Based Maintenance Strategies for Offshore Wind Energy

Info

Title:
Review of Condition-Based Maintenance Strategies for Offshore Wind Energy
Author(s):
Jichuan Kang1;  Jose Sobral1; 2;  C. Guedes Soares1
Affilations:
Author(s):
Jichuan Kang1;  Jose Sobral1; 2;  C. Guedes Soares1
1 Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Lisbon, Portugal
Keywords:
Condition-based maintenance; Offshore wind energy; Fault diagnosis; Fault prognosis; Maintenance optimization
分类号:
-
DOI:
10.1007/s11804-019-00080-y
Abstract:
The existing maintenance strategies of offshore wind energy are reviewed including the specific aspects of condition-based maintenance, focusing on three primary phases, namely, condition monitoring, fault diagnosis and prognosis, and maintenance optimization. Relevant academic research and industrial applications are identified and summarized. The state of art, capabilities, and constraints of condition-based maintenance are analyzed. The presented research demonstrates that the intelligent-based approach has become a promising solution for condition recognition, and an integrated data platform for offshore wind farms is significant to optimize the maintenance activities.

References:

Abdollahzadeh H, Atashgar K, Abbasi M (2016) Multi-objective opportunistic maintenance optimization of a wind farm considering limited number of maintenance groups.Renew Energy 88:247-261.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.11.022
Alaswad S, Xiang Y (2017) A review on condition-based maintenance optimization models for stochastically deteriorating system.Reliab Eng Syst Saf 157:54-63.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2016.08.009
Andrawus JA, Watson J, Kishk M (2007a) Modelling system failures to optimise wind turbine maintenance.Wind Energy 31(6):503-522.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1851
Andrawus JA, Watson J, Kishk M (2007b) Wind turbine maintenance optimisation:principles of quantitative maintenance optimisation.Wind Energy 31(2):101-110.https://doi.org/10.1260/030952407781494467
Andrawus JA, Watson J, Kishk M, Gordon H (2008) Optimisation of wind turbine inspection intervals.Wind Energy 32(5):477-490.https://doi.org/10.1260/030952408786411921
Andrawus JA, Watson J, Kishk M, Adam A (2009) The selection of suitable maintenance strategy for wind turbines.Wind Energy 30(6):471-486.https://doi.org/10.1260/030952406779994141
Azevedo HDM, Araújo AM, Bouchonneau N (2016) A review of wind turbine bearing condition monitoring:state of the art and challenges.Renew Sust Energ Rev 56:368-379.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1508
Baagøe-Engels V, Stentoft J (2016) Operations and maintenance issues in the offshore wind energy sector:an explorative study.Int J Energy Sect Manage 10(2):245-265.https://doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-04-2015-0012
Bagbanci H; Karmakar D, Guedes Soares C (2012) Review of offshore floating wind turbines concepts.In:Guedes Soares C, Garbatov Y, Sutulo S, Santos TA, (eds) Maritime engineering and technology.pp 553-562.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.442
Bangalore P, Patriksson M (2018) Analysis of SCADA data for early fault detection, with application to the maintenance management of wind turbines.Renew Energy 115:521-532.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.08.073
Bennouna O, Héraud N, Camblong H, Rodriguez M, Kahyehl MA (2009) Diagnosis and fault signature analysis of a wind turbine at a variable speed.J Risk Reliab 223(1):41-50.https://doi.org/10.1243/1748006xjrr199
Besnard F, Bertling L (2010) An approach for condition-based maintenance optimization applied to wind turbine blades.IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 1(2):77-83.https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2010.2049452
Besnard F, Fischer K, Tjernberg LB (2013) A model for the optimization of the maintenance support organization for offshore wind farms.IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 4(2):443-450.https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2012.2225454
Byon E, Ding Y (2010) Season-dependent condition-based maintenance for a wind turbine using a partially observed Markov decision process.IEEE Trans Power Syst 25(4):1823-1834.https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2010.2043269
Byon E, Pérez E, Ding Y, Ntaimo L (2011) Simulation of wind farm operations and maintenance using discrete event system specification.Simulation 87(12):1093-1117.https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549711376841
Carroll J, McDonald A, McMillan D (2016) Failure rate, repair time and unscheduled O&M cost analysis of offshore wind turbines.Wind Energy 19(6):1107-1119.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1887
Chang PC, Flatau A, Lui SC (2003) Review paper:health monitoring of civil infrastructure.Struct Health Monit 341-358.https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921703036169
Ciang CC, Lee JR, Bang HJ (2008) Structural health monitoring for a wind turbine system:a review of damage detection methods.Meas Sci Technol 19:1-20.https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/19/12/122001
Costa AM, Fraguela F, Orosa JA, Perez JA (2015) A new procedure for wind energy systems maintenance design.J Renew Sustain Energy 7:043129.https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4928872
Crabtree C, Zappala D, Tavner P (2014) Survey of commercially available condition monitoring systems for wind turbines[technical report].Durham University School of Engineering and Computing Sciences and the SUPERGEN Wind Energy Technologies Consortium
Dai L, Stålhane M, Utne I (2015) Routing and scheduling of maintenance fleet for offshore wind farms.Wind Energy 39(1):15-30.https://doi.org/10.1260/0309-524x.39.1.15
Dalgic Y, Lazakis I, Dinwoodie I, McMillan D, Revie M (2015)Advanced logistics planning for offshore wind farm operation and maintenance activities.Ocean Eng 101:211-226.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.04.040
Deng MN, Yu YH, Chen L, Zhao HS (2012) Optimal maintenance interval for wind turbine gearbox.Appl Mech Mater 130-134.https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.112
Devriendt C, Magalhães F, Weijtjens W, De Sitter G, Cunha Á, Guillaume P (2014) Structural health monitoring of offshore wind turbines using automated operational modal analysis.Struct Health Monit 13(6):644-659.https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921714556568
Ding F, Tian Z (2011) Opportunistic maintenance optimization for wind turbine systems considering imperfect maintenance actions.Int J Reliab Qual Saf Eng 18(5):463-482.https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218539311004196
Ding F, Tian Z (2012) Opportunistic maintenance for wind farms considering multi-level imperfect maintenance thresholds.Renew Energy 45:175-182.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.02.030
Dinwoodie I, McMillan D, Revie M, Lazakis I, Dalgic Y (2013) Development of a combined operational and strategic decision support model for offshore wind.Energy Procedia 35:157-166.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.169
Dinwoodie I, Endrerud OE, Hofmann M, Martin R, Sperstad I (2015) Reference cases for verification of operation and maintenance simulation models for offshore wind farms.Wind Eng 39(1):1-14.https://doi.org/10.1260/0309-524x.39.1.1
Djeziri MA, Benmoussa S, Sanchez R (2018) Hybrid method for remaining useful life prediction in wind turbine systems.Renew Energy 116:173-187.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.05.020
Do P, Canh H, Barros A, Bérenguer C (2015) Maintenance grouping for multi-component systems with availability constraints and limited maintenance teams.Reliab Eng Syst Saf 142:56-67.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.04.022
Erguido A, Marquez AC, Castellano E, Fernandez JFG (2017) A dynamic opportunistic maintenance model to maximize energy-based availability while reducing the life cycle cost of wind farms.Renew Energy 114:843-856.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.07.017
Fiber Optic Sensors (2018) Available from:http://www.scaime.com/en/117/products-services/fiber-optic-sensors.html.Accessed 14.05.18
Florian M, Sørensen JD (2015) Planning of operation & maintenance using risk and reliability based methods.Energy Procedia 80:357-364.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.440
Fugate ML, Sohn H, Farrar CR (2001) Vibration-based damage detection using statistical process control.Mech Syst Signal Process 15:707-721.https://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.2000.1323
Ghamlouch H, Fouladirad M, Grall A (2017) The use of real option in condition-based maintenance scheduling for wind turbines with production and deterioration uncertainties.Reliab Eng Syst Saf.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2017.10.001
Gintautas T, Sørensen JD, Vatne SR (2016) Towards a risk-based decision support for offshore wind turbine installation and operation & maintenance.Energy Procedia 94:207-217.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.225
Guasp MR, Llinares JP, Alarcon VC, Santos FV, Sánchez MP, Daviu JA, Panadero RP, Cruz JP, Folch JR (2013) Diagnosis of induction machines under non-stationary conditions:concepts and tools.In:Proceedings of 2013 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD).pp 220-231.https://doi.org/10.1109/wemdcd.2013.6525182
Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) (2015) Global wind report e annual market update 2014, March
Guedes Soares C, Bhattacharjee J, Karmakar D (2014) Overview and prospects for development of wave and offshore wind energy.Brodogradnja 65(2):87-109
Haddad G, Sandborn PA, Pecht MG (2014) Using maintenance options to maximize the benefits of prognostics for wind farms.Wind Energy 17(5):775-791.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1610
Hagen B, Simonsen I, Hofmann M, Muskulus M (2013) A multivariate Markov weather model for O&M simulation of offshore wind parks.Energy Procedia 35:137-147.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.167
Henao H, Capolino GA, Fernandez-Cabanas M, Filippetti F, Bruzzese C, Strangas E (2014) Trends in fault diagnosis for electrical machines:a review of diagnostic techniques.IEEE Ind Electron Mag 8(2):31-42.https://doi.org/10.1109/mie.2013.2287651
Herbert GMJ, Iniyan S, Goic R (2010) Performance, reliability and failure analysis of wind farm in a developing country.Renew Energy 35(12):2739-2751.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.04.023
Hoang A, Do P, Iung B (2016) Investigation on the use of energy efficiency for condition-based maintenance decision-making.IFACPapers Online 49-28:73-78.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.11.013
Hyers RW, Mcgowan JG, Sullivan KL, Manwell JF, Syrett BC (2006)Condition monitoring and prognosis of utility scale wind turbines.Mater Sci Eng Energy Syst 1:187-203.https://doi.org/10.1179/174892406x163397
Igba J, Alemzadeh K, Anyanwu-Ebo I, Gibbons P, Friis J (2013) A systems approach towards reliability-centred maintenance (RCM)of wind turbines.Procedia Comput Sci 16:814-823.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.085
Igba J, Alemzadeh K, Henningsen K, Durugbo C (2014) Effect of preventive maintenance intervals on reliability and maintenance costs of wind turbine gearboxes.Wind Energy 18:2013-2024.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1801
Jardine AKS, Lin D, Banjevic D (2006) A review on machinery diagnostics and prognostics implementing condition-based maintenance.Mech Syst Signal Process 20:1483-1510.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2005.09.012
Jonge B, Teunter R, Tinga T (2017) The influence of practical factors on the benefits of condition-based maintenance over time-based maintenance.Reliab Eng Syst Saf 158:21-30.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2016.10.002
Joshuva A, Sugumaran V (2017) A data driven approach for condition monitoring of wind turbine blade using vibration signals through best-first.ISA Trans 67:160-172.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2017.02.002
Kahrobaee S, Asgarpoor S (2013) A hybrid analytical-simulation approach for maintenance optimization of deteriorating equipment:case study of wind turbines.Electr Power Syst Res 104:80-86.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2013.06.012
Kaminski PC (1995) The approximate location of damage though the analysis of natural frequencies with artificial neural networks.J Process Mech Eng 209:117-125.https://doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_238_02
Kang J, Sun L, Guedes Soares C (2016) Fault tree analysis of the failure of floating offshore wind turbines support structures and blade systems.In:Soares G (ed) Progress in renewable energies offshore.Taylor & Francis, London, pp 741-749.https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315229256-87
Kang J, Li M, Sun L, Wang M (2017a) Preventative maintenance optimization for offshore wind turbine gearbox.In:Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference.pp 626-630
Kang J, Sun L, Sun H, Wu C (2017b) Risk assessment of floating offshore wind turbine based on correlation-FMEA.Ocean Eng 129:382-388.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.11.048
Keizer MO, Flapper SD, Teunter R (2017) Condition-based maintenance policies for systems with multiple dependent components:a review.Eur J Oper Res 261:405-420.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.02.044
Kirkegaard PH (1993) The use of neural networks for damage detection and location in a steel member.In:Third International Conference on the Application of Artificial Intelligence of Civil and Structural Engineering, Edingburgh, Scotland.https://doi.org/10.4203/ccp.16.1.1
Kragh KA, Hansen MH, Mikkelsen T (2011) Improving yaw alignment using spinner based lidar.In:49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition.Orlando, Florida.https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-264
Kühn M, Bierbooms WAAM, Van Bussel GJW, Cockerill TT, Harrison R, Ferguson MC (1999) Towards a mature offshore wind energy technology -guidelines from the opti-OWECS project.Wind Energy 2(1):25-58.https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1824(199901/03)2:1<25::aid-we17>3.0.co;2-8
Kumar S, Goyal D, Dang R, Dhamib S, Pabla BS (2018) Condition based maintenance of bearings and gears for fault detection-a review.Mater Today:Proceed 5:6128-6137.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.219
Lau BCP, Ma EWM, Pecht M (2012) Review of offshore wind turbine failures and fault prognostic methods.In:IEEE Prognostics & System Health Management Conference.Beijing.https://doi.org/10.1109/phm.2012.6228954
Le B, Andrews J (2016) Modelling wind turbine degradation and maintenance.Wind Energy 19(4):571-591.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1851
Lee K, Aihara A, Puntsagdash G, Kawaguchi T, Sakamoto H, Okuma M (2017) Feasibility study on a strain based deflection monitoring system for wind turbine blades.Mech Syst Signal Process 82:117-129.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.05.011
Leigh JM, Dunnett SJ (2016) Use of Petri nets to model the maintenance of wind turbines.Qual Reliab Eng Int 32(1):167-180.https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.1737
Leite GNP, Araújo AM, Rosas PAC (2018) Prognostic techniques applied to maintenance of wind turbines:a concise and specific review.Renew Sust Energ Rev 81(2):1917-1925.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.002
Li H, Deloux E, Dieulle L (2016) A condition-based maintenance policy for multi-component systems with Lévy copulas dependence.Reliab Eng Syst Saf 149:44-55.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.12.011
Lindroth S, Leijon M (2011) Offshore wave power measurements-a review.Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15(9):4274-4285.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.123
Liu WY, Tang BP, Han JG, Lu XN, Hu NN, He ZZ (2015) The structure healthy condition monitoring and fault diagnosis methods in wind turbines:a review.Renew Sust Energ Rev 44:466-472.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.005
Liu B, Liang Z, Parlikad AK, Xie M, Kuo W (2017a) Condition-based maintenance for systems with aging and cumulative damage based on proportional hazards model.Reliab Eng Syst Saf 168:200-209.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2017.04.010
Liu B, Wu S, Xie M, Kuo W (2017b) A condition-based maintenance policy for degrading systems with age-and state-dependent operating cost.Eur J Oper Res 263:879-887.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.05.006
Liu K, Yan RJ, Guedes Soares C (2018a) An improved model updating technique based on modal data.Ocean Eng 154:277-287.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.02.011
Liu K, Yan RJ, Guedes Soares C (2018b) Optimal sensor placement and assessment for modal identification.Ocean Eng 165:209-220.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.07.034
Liu K, Yan RJ, Guedes Soares C (2018c) Damage identification in offshore jacket structures based on modal flexibility.Ocean Eng 170:171-185.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.10.014
López-Higuera JM, Cobo LR, Incera AQ, Cobo A (2011) Fiber optic sensors in structural health monitoring.J Lightwave Technol 29(4):587-608.https://doi.org/10.1364/OFC.2010.OWL4
Lou J, Namburu M, Pattipati K (2003) Model-based prognostic techniques.In:Proceedings AUTOTESTCON.IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference.Anaheim.https://doi.org/10.1109/autest.2003.1243596
Lu Y, Sun L, Kang J, Sun H, Zhang X (2017) Opportunistic maintenance optimization for offshore wind turbine electrical and electronic system based on rolling horizon approach.J Renew Sustain Energy 9:033307.https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4989640
Lu Y, Sun L, Zhang X, Feng F, Kang J, Fu G (2018) Condition based maintenance optimization for offshore wind turbine considering opportunities based on neural network approach.Appl Ocean Res 74:69-79.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2018.02.016
Mares C, Surace C (1996) An application of genetic algorithms to identify damage in elastic structures.J Sound Vib 195(2):195-215.https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1996.0416
Márquez FPG, Tobias AM, Pérez JMP, Mayorkinos P (2012) Condition monitoring of wind turbines:techniques and methods.Renew Energy 46:169-178.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.03.003
Martinez-Luengo M, Kolios A, Wang L (2016) Structural health monitoring of offshore wind turbines:a review through the statistical pattern recognition paradigm.Renew Sust Energ Rev 64:91-105.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.085
Martins D, Muraleedharan G, Guedes Soares C (2015) Weather window analysis of a site off Portugal.In:Soares G, Santos (eds) Maritime technology and engineering.Taylor & Francis, London, pp 1329-1337.https://doi.org/10.1201/b17494-179
May A, McMillan D, Thöns S (2014) Economic analysis of condition monitoring systems for offshore wind turbine sub-systems.IET Renew Power Gener 9(8):900-907.https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0019
Mérigaud A, Ringwood JV (2016) Condition-based maintenance methods for marine renewable energy.Renew Sust Energ Rev 66:53-78.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.071
Morthorst PE, Kitzing L (2016) Economics of building and operating offshore wind farms.Offshore Wind Farms-Technologies, Design and Operation, pp 9-27.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100779-2.00002-7
Munoz CQG, Jimenez AA, Marquez FPG (2018) Wavelet transforms and pattern recognition on ultrasonic guides waves for frozen surface state diagnosis.Renew Energy 116:42-54.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.03.052
Murata T (1989) Petri nets:properties, analysis and applications.Proceed IEEE 77(4):541-580.https://doi.org/10.1109/5.24143
Nejad AR, Gao Z, Moan T (2014) Fatigue reliability-based inspection and maintenance planning of gearbox components in wind turbine drivetrains.Energy Procedia 53:248-257.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.234
Netland O, Sperstad IB, Hofmann M, Skavhaug A (2014) Cost-benefit evaluation of remote inspection of offshore wind farms by simulating the operation and maintenance phase.Energy Procedia 53(C):239-247.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.233
Ng C, Ran L (2016) Introduction to offshore wind energy.Offshore Wind Farms-Technologies, Design and Operation, pp 3-8.https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100779-2.00001-5
Nie M, Wang L (2013) Review of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technologies for wind turbine gearbox.Proceed Procedia 11:87-90.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.07.018
Nielsen JS, Sørensen JD (2014) Methods for risk-based planning of O&M of wind turbines.Energies 7(10):6645-6664.https://doi.org/10.3390/en7106645
Nielsen JS, Van de Pieterman RP, Sørensen JD (2014) Analysis of pitch system data for condition monitoring.Wind Energy 17:435-449.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1586
O’Connor M, Lewis T, Dalton G (2013) Weather window analysis of Irish west coast wave data with relevance to operations and maintenance of marine renewables.Renew Energy 52:57-66.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.10.021
Ogidi OO, Barendse PS, Khan MA (2016) Fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of axial-flux permanent magnet wind generators.Electr Power Syst Res 136:1-7.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2016.01.018
Ossai CI, Boswell B, Davies IJ (2016) A Markovian approach for modelling the effects of maintenance on downtime and failure risk of wind turbine components.Renew Energy 96:775-783.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.022
Papasalouros D, Tsopelas N, Anastasopoulos A, Kourousis D, Lekou DJ, Mouzakis F (2013) Acoustic emission monitoring of composite blade of NM48/750 NEG-MICON wind turbine.J Acoust Emission 31(1):36-49
Pattison D, Segovia Garcia M, Xie W, Quail F, Revie M, Whitfield R I, Irvine I (2016) Intelligent integrated maintenance for wind power generation.Wind Energy 19(3):547-562.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1850
Pérez E, Ntaimo L, Ding Y (2015) Multi-component wind turbine modeling and simulation for wind farm operations and maintenance.Simulation 91(4):360-382.https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549715572490
Ramírez JGR, Sørensen JD (2012) Risk-based inspection planning optimisation of offshore wind turbines.Struct Infrastruct Eng 8(5):473-481.https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2010.539064
Rasmekomen N, Parlikad AK (2016) Condition-based maintenance of multi-component systems with degradation state-rate interactions.Reliab Eng Syst Saf 148:1-10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.11.010
Réthoré PE, Fuglsang P, Larsen GC, Buhl T, Larsen TJ, Madsen HA (2014) TopFarm:multi-fidelity optimization of offshore wind farm.Wind Energy 17:1797-1816.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1667
Rumsey MA, Paquette J, White JR, Werlink RJ, Beattie AG, Pitchford CW (2008) Experimental results of structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades.In:46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.Reston, Virginia.https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1348
Salameh JP, Cauet S, Etien E, Sakout A, Rambault L (2018) Gearbox condition monitoring in wind turbines:a review.Mech Syst Signal Process 11:251-264.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.03.052
Salvação N, Guedes Soares C (2018) Wind resource assessment offshore the Atlantic Iberian coast with the WRF model.Energy 145:276-287.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.101
Santos FV, Guasp MR, Henao H, Sánchez MP, Panadero RP (2014a) Diagnosis of rotor and stator asymmetries in wound-rotor induction machines under nonstationary operation through the instantaneous frequency.IEEE Trans Ind Electron 61(9):4947-4959.https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2013.2288192
Santos FP, Teixeira A P, Guedes Soares C (2014b) Influence of logistic strategies on the availability and maintenance costs of an offshore wind turbine.In:Safety, Reliability and Risk Analysis:Beyond the Horizon.pp 791-799.https://doi.org/10.1201/b15938-120
Santos FP, Teixeira AP, Guedes Soares C (2015a) An age-based preventive maintenance for offshore wind turbines.In:Safety and Reliability:Methodology and Applications.Nowakowski et al.(eds).pp 1147-1155.https://doi.org/10.1201/b17399-161
Santos FP, Teixeira AP, Guedes Soares C (2015b) Modelling and simulation of the operation and maintenance of offshore wind turbines.J Risk Reliab 229(5):385-393.https://doi.org/10.1177/1748006X15589209
Santos FP, Teixeira AP, Guedes Soares C (2015c) Review of wind turbine accident and failure data.In:Guedes Soares C (ed) Renewable energies offshore.Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp 953-959.https://doi.org/10.1201/b18973-134
Santos FP, Teixeira AP, Guedes Soares C (2016) Operation and maintenance of floating offshore wind turbines.In:Castro-Santos, DiazCasas V (eds) Floating offshore wind farms-L.Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 181-193.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27972-5_10
Santos FP, Teixeira AP, Guedes Soares C (2018a) Maintenance planning of an offshore wind turbine using stochastic petri nets with predicates.J Offshore Mech Arct Eng 140:021904-021901.https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038934
Santos FP, Teixeira AP, Guedes Soares C (2018b) Modelling, simulation and optimization of maintenance cost aspects on multi-unit systems by stochastic Petri nets with predicates.Simulation:Trans Soc Model Simul Int.https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549718782655
Sarker BR, Faiz TI (2016) Minimizing maintenance cost for offshore wind turbines following multi-level opportunistic preventive strategy.Renew Energy 85:104-113.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.030
Scheu MN, Matha D, Hofmann M, Muskulus M (2012a) Maintenance strategies for large offshore wind farms.Energy Procedia 24:281-288.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.06.110
Schlechtingen M, Santos IF, Achiche S (2013) Wind turbine condition monitoring based on SCADA data using normal behavior models.Part 1:system description.Appl Soft Comput 13(1):259-270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2012.08.033
Scheu MN, Matha D, Muskulus M (2012b) Validation of a Markov-based weather model for simulation of O&M for offshore wind farms.In:The Twenty-second International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.Rhodes
Schroeder K, Ecke W, Apitz J, Lembke E, Lenschow G (2006) A fibre Bragg grating sensor system monitors operational load in a wind turbine rotor blade.Meas Sci Technol 17(5):1167-1172.https://doi.org/10.1117/12.623990
Schulz MJ, Sundaresan MJ (2006) Smart sensor system for structural condition monitoring of wind turbines.National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Denver.https://doi.org/10.2172/891105
Shafiee M (2015) Maintenance logistics organization for offshore wind energy:current progress and future perspectives.Renew Energy 77:182-193.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.11.045
Shafiee M, Finkelstein M (2015a) An optimal age-based group maintenance policy for multiunit degrading systems.Reliab Eng Syst Saf 134:230-238.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2014.09.016
Shafiee M, Finkelstein M (2015b) A proactive group maintenance policy for continuously monitored deteriorating systems:application to offshore wind turbines.Proceed Instit Mech Eng, Part O:J Risk Reliab 229(5):373-384.https://doi.org/10.1177/1748006x15598915
Shafiee M, Sørensen JD (2017) Maintenance optimization and inspection planning of wind energy assets:models, methods and strategies.Reliab Eng Syst Saf.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2017.10.025
Shafiee M, Finkelstein M, Bérenguer C (2015) An opportunistic condition-based maintenance policy for offshore wind turbine blades subjected to degradation and environmental shocks.Reliab Eng Syst Saf 142:463-471
Sheng S (2015) Wind turbine gearbox reliability database, condition monitoring, and O&M research update.National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA
Sheu SH, Zhang ZG (2013) An optimal age replacement policy for multistate systems.IEEE Trans Reliab 62(3):722-735.https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2013.2270427
Shi F, Patton RJ (2014) A robust adaptive approach to wind turbine pitch actuator component fault estimation.In:Proceedings of the 2014 UKACC International Conference on Control.pp 468-473.https://doi.org/10.1109/CONTROL.2014.6915185
Sinha Y, Steel JA, Andrawus JA, Gibson K (2014) Significance of effective lubrication in mitigating system failures-a wind turbine gearbox case study.Wind Energy 38(4):441-450.https://doi.org/10.1260/0309-524x.38.4.441
Sobral J, Ferreira L (2010) Development of a new approach to establish inspection frequency in a RBI assessment.In:European Safety and Reliability Conference.Rhodes
Sørensen JD (2009) Framework for risk-based planning of operation and maintenance for offshore wind turbines.Wind Energy 12(5):493-506.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.344
Sparrevik P (2014) Monitoring offshore wind turbine foundations.Oceanology International, London, pp 1-26.https://doi.org/10.4043/29041-ms
Sun L, Lu Y, Zhang X (2016) A review on damage identification and structural health monitoring for offshore platform.In:Proceedings of the ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean.Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Busan, Korea https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54561
Sundaresan MJ, Schulz MJ, Ghoshal A (2002) Structural health monitoring static test of a wind turbine blade.Technical report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Available from:https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/28719.pdf
Tavner PJ, Xiang J, Spinato F (2007) Reliability analysis for wind turbines.Wind Energy 10(1):1-18.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.204
Tchakoua P, Wamkeue R, Ouhrouche M, Slaoui-Hasnaoui F, Tameghe TA, Ekemb G (2014) Wind turbine condition monitoring:state-of-the-art review, new trends, and future challenges.Energies 7:2595-2630.https://doi.org/10.3390/en7042595
Teng W, Ding X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ma Z (2016) Multi-fault detection and failure analysis of wind turbine gearbox using complex wavelet transform.Renew Energy 93:591-598.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.025
Thons S, McMillan D (2014) Condition monitoring benefit for offshore wind turbines.Reliab Model Anal Smart Power Syst:169-182.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1798-5_11
Tian Z, Jin T, Wu B, Ding F (2011) Condition based maintenance optimization for wind power generation systems under continuous monitoring.Renew Energy 36:1502-1509.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.10.028
Uzunoglu E, Karmakar D, Guedes Soares C (2016) Floating offshore wind platforms.In:Castro-Santos L, Diaz-Casas V (eds) Green energy and technology.Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 53-76.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27972-5_4
Verbert K, De Schutter B, Babuska R (2017) Timely condition-based maintenance planning for multi-component systems.Reliab Eng Syst Saf 159:310-321.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2016.10.032
Wang KS, Sharma VS, Zhang ZY (2014) SCADA data based condition monitoring of wind turbines.Adv Manuf 2(1):61-69.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20463-5_16
Welte TM, Wang K (2014) Models for lifetime estimation:an overview with focus on applications to wind turbines.Advances in Manufacturing 2:79-87.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-014-0064-3
WindEurope (2017) Wind in power-2016 European statistics.
Wu Y, Zhao H (2010) Optimization maintenance of wind turbines using Markov decision processes.In:International Conference on Power System Technology.Hangzhou, China.https://doi.org/10.1109/powercon.2010.5666092
Wu X, Li Y, Li F, Yang Z, Teng W (2012) Adaptive estimation-based leakage detection for a wind turbine hydraulic pitching system.IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 17(5):907-914.https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2011.2142400
Wymore ML, Van Dam JE, Ceylan H, Qiao D (2015) A survey of health monitoring systems for wind turbines.Renew Sust Energ Rev 52:976-990.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.110
Yang X, Li J, Liu W, Guo P (2011) Petri net model and reliability evaluation for wind turbine hydraulic variable pitch systems.Energies 4(6):978-997.https://doi.org/10.3390/en4060978
Yang W, Court R, Jiang J (2013) Wind turbine condition monitoring by the approach of SCADA data analysis.Renew Energy 53(C):365-376.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.030
Yeter B, Garbatov Y, Guedes Soares C (2015) Fatigue damage assessment of fixed offshore wind turbine tripod support structures.Eng Struct 101:518-528.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.07.038
Yeter B, Garbatov Y, Guedes Soares C (2016) Evaluation of fatigue damage model predictions for fixed offshore wind turbine support structures.Int J Fatigue 87:71-80.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.01.007
Zhang ZY, Wang KS (2014) Wind turbine fault detection based on SCADA data analysis using ANN.Adv Manuf 2(1):70-78.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-014-0061-6
Zhao R, Shen W, Knudsen T, Bak T (2012) Fatigue distribution optimization for offshore wind farms using intelligent agent control.Wind Energy 15(7):927-944.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1518
Zhu Q, Peng H, Timmermans B, Van Houtum GJ (2017) A conditionbased maintenance model for a single component in a system with scheduled and unscheduled downs.Int J Prod Econ 193:365-380.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.07.014

Memo

Memo:
Received date:2018-09-20。
Foundation item:This study was performed within the project ARCWIND-adaptation and implementation of floating wind energy conversion technology for the Atlantic region-which is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Atlantic Area Program under contract EAPA 344/2016.
Corresponding author:C. Guedes Soares,c.guedes.soares@tecnico.ulisboa.pt
Last Update: 2019-05-14