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Title:: Real-time Estimation of Instantaneous Speed in Diesel Engines Based on the Extended Kalman Filter

Author(s):: Zhongxin Shi¹; Hongzi Fei¹; Liuping Wang²; Bingxin Liu¹; Yilin Liu¹

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Keywords:: Marine diesel engine; Crankshaft instantaneous speed; State-space model; Extended kalman filter; Real-time estimation; Noise filtering

DOI:: 10.1007/s11804-026-00811-y

Abstract:: The instantaneous speed of diesel engines contains an abundance of information, regarding fuel supply stability and individual cylinder performance. Real-time acquisition of accurate instantaneous speed is crucial for monitoring cylinder-to-cylinder uniformity, diagnosing faults, and enabling precise speed control in marine diesel engines. However, measurement noise distorts the signal, which makes it significantly difficult to monitor the effective information in the actual operation. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel real-time filtering method using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). According to the characteristics of crankshaft instantaneous speed of diesel engine, a dedicated state-space model is derived. The EKF utilizes the model to perform real-time feedback and rolling optimization effectively suppressing noise. The performance of the method proposed is validated using both simulated signals and experimental data from a four-cylinder marine diesel engine. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the coefficient of determination R² between the estimated and actual speed reaches 99.83%, while the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improves by above 10% on average across different operating conditions. This enhancement enables reliable real-time engine state monitoring and control.

References:

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Journal of Marine Science and Application[ISSN:1002-2848/CN:61-1400/f]

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