API SPEC17B (2002). American petroleum institute. API 17J (1999), second edition, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe
Bahtui A, Bahai H, Alfano G (2008). A finite element analysis for unbonded flexible risers under torsion. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,vol.130, 041301-1-4.
Bai Yong, Bai Qiang (2005). Subsea Pipelines and Risers. Elsevier Ltd, USA, 401-402.
Chung JS, Cheng BR (1996). Effects of elastic joints on 3-D nonlinear responses of a deep-ocean pipe: modeling and boundary conditions. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 6(3), 203-211
Kordkheili SAH, Bahai H (2007). Non-linear finite element static analysis of flexible risers with a touch down boundary condition. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, California, USA, 1-5.
ORCAFLEX Help File and User Manual, available from www.orcina.com.
Tan Zhimin, Quiggin P, Sheldrake T (2009). Time domain simulation of the 3D bending hysteresis behavior of an unbonded flexible riser. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 131, 031301-1-8.
Wang Anjiao, Chen Jiajing (1991). Non-linear dynamic analysis of flexible riser. Ocean Engineering, 9(3), 12-22. (in Chinese)
Zeng Jifang (2009). Mechanical behavior and optimum design of ocean flexible riser. Master thesis, Dalian University of Technology,42-54. (in Chinese)
Zhong Li (2007). Mechanics Characteristic Analysis of Deep Water Drilling Riser. Oil Drilling & Production Technology. 29(1), 19-21. (in Chinese)